Every game in this handout is really a question about space. Are you aiming at something, or are you walking into somebody’s half of the court? Get that one question right and the whole reviewer falls into place.
If you AIM at it — it’s a TARGET game. If you ENTER it — it’s an INVASION game.
Target games send an object toward a space. Invasion games send you into their space. Say it out loud twice. On a multiple-choice test this single sentence sorts almost every item you will be given.
Zone 1 · The Basics
What makes a game a target game
Darts and bowling look nothing alike. So why are they the same kind of game? The answer is not the equipment — it is what leaves your hand.
Straight from your handout — memorize the wording
Send or propel an object toward a space or a target area.
That is the full definition. Notice it says a space OR a target area — the target does not have to be a bullseye. A hole, a can, a pocket, a set of pins, a bag at the top of a pole: all target areas.
The three foundational skills
L M N
Three letters in a row in the alphabet — that is your whole handle for the foundational skills.
L — Locomotor. You Leave your spot. Run, walk, jump, hop, skip.
M — Manipulative. You Move an object. Throw, kick, catch, strike.
N — Non-locomotor.No travel. Bend, twist, stretch, balance in place.
Added, because your handout leaves it out
Your page lists the three foundational skills but never says what they mean. Those three definitions above are the gap — and “which skill is this?” is one of the easiest questions for a teacher to write.
Badge 1 locked — answer all 3
Zone 2 · Opposed or Not
Is somebody in your way?
An archer and a Tumbang Preso player are both aiming at a target. One of them has a person guarding it. That difference has a name, and it is worth three easy points.
The one-word test
Unopposed = NOBODY is stopping you. Opposed = SOMEBODY is stopping you.
Ask yourself: is there a person actively trying to prevent my shot? If no, it is unopposed. If yes, it is opposed — and it is still a target game, because you are still aiming at something.
Unopposed targets
Opposed targets
Aim
Hit the target
Hit the target while someone blocks you
Teams
Not needed — often turn-based
Two opposing teams
Strategy
Some tactic or strategy to score a point
Offensive or defensive strategies
Tactics
Accuracy, aim, control
Evading and obstructing the opponent
Handout examples
Darts, archery, golf
Games with two teams working against each other
Memorize the trio exactly
Your handout names only darts, archery, and golf as unopposed examples. Bowling and billiards also fit the rule, but if the question asks “which does your handout give as examples,” the answer is that trio.
Badge 2 locked — answer all 3
Zone 3 · The Roster
Sixteen games, one table
This is the part everybody loses points on — not because it is hard, but because Bati-Cobra and Siyato both use two sticks, and nobody sorts them out until the test is in front of them.
The send list — what actually flies at the target
Stone. Slipper. Stick. Sipa.
STONE → Calahoyo (Hole-in) — small stones into a hole
SLIPPER → Tumbang Preso — slippers at a tin can
STICK → Bati-Cobra and Siyato — a short stick struck by a long one
SIPA → Sipa — a washer kicked with foot, knee or elbow
Four different objects, four different games. If a question describes the thing being thrown, this list gives you the name in one step.
The body games — nothing is thrown, you are the object
Baka is a back. Tinik is a foot. Sebo is a pole. Lahi is a chase.
Say it as one line. Luksong Baka — jump over a crouching player’s back. Luksong Tinik — jump over feet stacked as thorns. Palo Sebo — climb the greased pole. Ubusan ng Lahi — tag until no family members are left.
The trickiest pair on the page
Bati begins in the AIR. Siyato starts in a HOLE.
Bati-Cobra: the batter tosses the short stick up and hits it with the long stick. The others try to catch the flying stick — whoever catches it or picks it up becomes the batter.
Siyato: the small wood is stuck out of a hole. The first player hits it into the air, and scores a point if he can run in the playing area. If the opponent catches the stick, he is the next hitter.
Careful with holes: Calahoyo puts stones INTO the hole. Siyato lifts the stick OUT of it.
The rest of the table
What the player does
Billiards
Hits a cue ball and shoots it into any of the six pockets.
Shooting Range
Aims at the bull’s eye from a predetermined distance.
Golf
Hits the golf ball to a target hole.
Bowling
Throws the ball on the lane, aiming at the pins.
Football / Soccer
Scores by passing the ball over the goal line without throwing or carrying it; the goalkeeper guards the goal.
Baseball
Two teams run through a diamond court after hitting a ball with a batter.
Frisbee
Throws the frisbee to another player.
Badge 3 locked — answer all 3
Zone 4 · Territory
Invasion games
Here the target stops being an object and starts being their half of the court. Same court, completely different question.
Definition — and the second name they will ask for
Games where players show the ability to run into space and make a goal or occupy the opponent’s space.
They are also called TERRITORY GAMES. That alternative name is free marks on a matching test, and it also tells you the whole idea in one word.
The purpose — it has two halves, not one
Invade & score. Hold them down. Inside a set time.
Word for word: to invade the space or territory of the opponent while scoring points, while keeping the opponent team’s score to a minimum within a certain period. Any answer that only mentions scoring is missing half the definition — that is the classic distractor.
The eight your handout lists
Capture the Flag · Agawan Panyo · Attack and Defend · Agawan Base · Basketball · Soccer · Volleyball · Football
Four schoolyard games, four sports. Notice all four Filipino ones are about grabbing or holding ground — agawan means to snatch, and a base and a flag are both territory.
Target games
Invasion games
Also called
—
Territory games
What moves
The object goes to the target
You go into their space
Goal
Send or propel an object toward a space or target area
Run into space, make a goal, occupy the opponent’s space
Opponent
May be absent (unopposed) or present (opposed)
Always present
Time
Usually turn by turn
Within a certain period
Ask yourself
Am I aiming at something?
Am I entering their area?
Two traps hiding in your handout1Many books call volleyball a net game, but your handout lists it under invasion games — and your handout is what the test is written from. Answer it as your handout has it.2Football/Soccer appears in BOTH lists — in the target games table and in the invasion games list. Read the question stem: if it asks for an invasion or territory game, soccer counts.
Badge 4 locked — answer all 3
Zone 5 · The Coach’s Numbers
Five strategies, seven skills
Twelve things to memorize is a nightmare. Two numbers is not. Coaches already talk in formations — so learn these the way a coach would.
Basic strategies for invasion games
2–2–1
Two to attack, two to defend, one to hold. The order is the logic of a possession, so it is worth reciting in order.
Attack 1. Create space and move into space.
Attack 2. Create scoring opportunities.
Defend 1. Prevent the opposing team from scoring.
Defend 2. Defending space and applying pressure.
Hold. Keeping possession of the object.
Basic skills for invasion games
4–2–1
Move ME (4) · Move IT (2) · Read IT (1). Your body, the object, the space. If your list does not add up to seven, you dropped one.
MOVE ME — 4: agility and speed · traveling in many directions · dodging · footwork
MOVE IT — 2: sending an object · receiving an object
READ IT — 1: spatial awareness
If the test asks for the most important skill
Your handout singles out one: spatial awareness — “might be one of the most important skills a player could possess.” A sentence like that in a handout is almost always a question waiting to happen.
Badge 5 locked — answer all 3
Field Day · Final Round
Five stations, one covered court
Nothing below is from your handout. This is new ground — which is the only real proof that you learned it instead of memorized it.
Barangay Field Day, Sampaloc
The covered court has been chalked into five stations. Coach Bles blows the whistle and reads out what is at each one:
Station 1An empty milk can stands in a chalk circle. One player guards it. Everyone else lines up behind a throwing line with a slipper in hand.
Station 2A small hole is scraped into the dirt at the edge of the court, with a short piece of wood propped out of it. Two flat sticks are on the ground. The hitter flicks the wood into the air, hits it, then runs.
Station 3A rope splits the court into two halves. Each team ties a panyo at its own back line. You score by getting into the other half, grabbing their panyo, and bringing it home without being tagged.
Station 4A narrow lane with ten pins at the far end. Players take turns. Nobody is allowed past the foul line while another player rolls.
Station 5One washer. One player. The rule is simple: keep it off the ground using foot, knee or elbow, and count.
Final badge locked — answer all 5
The whistle
Final Exam
Three parts, exactly the three your pointers list: Multiple Choice, True or False, and Situational Analysis — in that order. 21 points.
Part I · Multiple Choice
Pick the letter of the best answer. 8 points.
Part I — answer all 8
Part II · True or False
Decide whether the statement is true or false. 8 points.
Part II — answer all 8
Part III · Situational Analysis
Read the situation, then choose the best thing to do. 5 points.
Part III — answer all 5
Your scoreboard
0/41
Not on the court yet
Start with Zone 1. Tap every card before you answer — that is what the cards are for.
Night before the test
The chalkboard
Every memory trick on this page, on one screen. Read it once before you sleep and once on the way to school.
The master rule
If you AIM at it — TARGET. If you ENTER it — INVASION.
Invasion games are also called territory games.
Foundational skills
L M N
Locomotor — you Leave your spot. Manipulative — you Move an object. Non-locomotor — No travel.
Opposed or not
Unopposed = NOBODY is stopping you. Opposed = SOMEBODY is stopping you.
Handout examples of unopposed: darts, archery, golf. Opposed needs two teams, evading and obstructing.
The send list
Stone. Slipper. Stick. Sipa.
STONE → Calahoyo (Hole-in)
SLIPPER → Tumbang Preso
STICK → Bati-Cobra and Siyato
SIPA → Sipa (a washer, never touching the ground)
The body games
Baka is a back. Tinik is a foot. Sebo is a pole. Lahi is a chase.
The trickiest pair
Bati begins in the AIR. Siyato starts in a HOLE.
And: Calahoyo puts stones INTO the hole; Siyato lifts the stick OUT of it.
Invasion strategies
2 – 2 – 1
Two to attack: create space and move into space, create scoring opportunities. Two to defend: prevent the opposing team from scoring, defending space and applying pressure. One to hold: keeping possession of the object.
Invasion skills
4 – 2 – 1
Move ME (4): agility and speed, traveling in many directions, dodging, footwork. Move IT (2): sending an object, receiving an object. Read IT (1): spatial awareness — the one your handout calls maybe the most important.
Two traps
Your handout lists volleyball as an invasion game — answer it that way. And Football/Soccer appears in both lists, so read the question stem before you choose.